Passover Menu Ideas – Menu 3

Here are some suggestions for your Passover Seder menu!

 

Appetizer:
Stuffed Baby Artichokes
Stuffed Baby Artichokes

Entrees:
Freedom Lamb
Freedom Lamb

Golden Chicken Soup
Golden Chicken Soup

“Lucky” Matzo Balls
"Lucky" Matzo Balls

Sides:
Classic Ashkenazi Charoset
Classic Ashkenazi Charoset

Yemenite Charoset
Yemenite Charoset
To explore our other international charoset recipes, click here.

Desserts:
Rose Water Almond Cookies (Marochinos)
Rose Water Almond Cookies

Chocolate Matzo Mousse Cake
Chocolate Matzo Mousse Cake

Food for the soul:
Suitcase

When the children of Israel fled Egypt, they had to leave in the middle of the night, without much time to prepare. They couldn’t take many possessions and there were difficult choices about what to bring with them. If you had to leave home in the middle of the night, what would you bring with you?
Click here for a complete list of our Passover discussion questions.

Ordinary to Extraordinary Lives: Georges Loinger

Playing catch over a border fence, posing as mourners and tricking German soldiers were all techniques Georges Loinger used to save at least 350 Jewish children during World War II. Joseph Urie Loinger was born to a Jewish family in Strasbourg, Germany on August 29, 1910. Later changing his first name to Georges, he became an important figure in Theodore Herzl’s Zionist movement as a teenager.

During his service in the French army, Loinger was taken prisoner in 1940 and transported to Stalag 7 in Bavaria, Germany. Fortunately for Loinger, he was not thought to be Jewish because of his blonde hair and blue eyes. His physical characteristics, along with his fluency in German, saved him from being persecuted as a Jew by the Germans. Loinger managed to escape the prisoner of war camp and return to France. There, he became part of the French resistance for a Jewish children’s aid society named Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE). Loinger explained that OSE had protected around 1,500 Jewish children whose parents were either dead or sent to concentration camps by hiding them in area homes. While the children were kept hidden, Loinger often worried about their mental and physical health and organized sporting competitions amongst the children to build their physical and spiritual strength.

A few years into the war, Loinger began organizing missions to bring the children to safety across the Swiss border. These missions included intricate ways of getting the children across the border including having them chase balls across the border during games of catch and dressing them as mourners and climbing gravediggers ladders at a cemetary border wall.

After the war, Loinger helped with the transportation of Holocaust survivors to British-controlled Palestine and wrote several books about his experiences during World War II. Georges Loinger lived a long and fulfilling life and died at age 108 in Paris, France on December 28, 2018.

 

A “Palace in Time”: Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel on the Sabbath

by Rabbi Or N. Rose

On a recent Saturday afternoon, I took the opportunity to re-read selections from Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel’s book, The Sabbath. First published in 1951, this poetic gem has been read by countless spiritual seekers — Jewish and non-Jewish — throughout the world.

As I flipped through the pages, I was struck again by Heschel’s remarkable ability to cull from the vast storehouse of classical Jewish teachings and to present these gleanings to a diverse modern readership with elegance and force.

In Heschel’s mind, the greatest challenge facing the modern Western world is the loss of a sense for the sacred. He argues that in our attempts to master our physical surroundings through technological advancement, we have become desensitized to the grandeur and beauty of life, both in the natural world and in the faces of other people. In our rush to industrialize we have become so focused on gaining economic and political power that we have forgotten our ultimate purpose: to serve as co-creators with the Divine in the establishment of a just and compassionate world.

For Heschel, a refugee from Eastern Europe, the Holocaust is the most dramatic example of the shadow side of modernity. After all, it was Germany — arguably the great center of modern cultures — in which one of the most effective and devastating killing machines in human history was created.

But Heschel is also critical of popular American culture with its seemingly insatiable consumerist cravings, symbolized in his mind by the excesses of affluent suburban life in cities across the country.

In The Sabbath, Heschel attempts to offer a corrective to this imbalance. In so doing, he explores two basic, and intersecting, dimensions of human existence: space and time. Heschel argues that modern Western life is dominated by an obsession with space — with building, mastering, and conquering things of space. But life turns dim, says Heschel, “when the control of space, the acquisition of things in space, becomes our sole concern” (p.ix). He calls on us to reconsider our priorities and relax our attachment to “thinghood,” shifting our attention to the “thingless and insubstantial” reality of time.

It is in this context that Heschel introduces the importance of the Sabbath to modern life. For Shabbat offers us the opportunity to retreat temporarily from our work-a-day routine, from the world of space consciousness, and to enjoy the manifold gifts of creation provided for us by the Master of the Universe. Heschel describes the Sabbath as a “palace in time,” whose architecture is built through a combination of intentional abstentions (e.g., refraining from business dealings, long-distance travel) and acts of prayer, study, joyous meals and interaction with loved ones.

Most importantly, perhaps, Heschel explains that Shabbat not only offers us an opportunity for weekly spiritual communion, but it also has the potential to help shape the way we live the other six days of the week.

Will our time with friends and family make us more sensitive to the needs of other human beings? Will our time celebrating the grandeur and beauty of nature make us more sensitive to the needs of the earth? Will we be able to hold in our hearts and minds the realization that God is the supreme author of life and that we are called upon by the Divine to serve as co-creators of a just and compassionate world? In brief, can we carry with us something of the Sabbath consciousness through the rest of the week?

More than sixty years after Abraham Joshua Heschel published The Sabbath, and thousands of years after this great religious institution was first recorded in the Hebrew Bible, Shabbat remains both a spiritual oasis and a bold challenge to all of us who seek to live both productive and reflective lives.

Ordinary to Extraordinary Lives: Simcha Rotem

Through a secret passageway under the streets of the Poland’s capital city Warsaw, Simcha Rotem led more than 80 Jewish ghetto survivors to safety after the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising. Simcha Rotem was born February 24, 1924 in Warsaw, Poland and was a member of the Akiva Zionist youth movement from an early age.

Only 15 years old when the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939, Rotem decided to join the Warsaw Ghetto’s Jewish Combat Organization, ZOB, in 1942. Rotem soon earned the nickname “Kazik” derived from the Polish name “Kazimierz” meaning “someone who destroys opponent’s prestige/glory during battle,” as a result of his fearlessness in the underground passageway of Warsaw where he saved many Jews from either murder or deportation to the Treblinka death camp. Rotem’s original journey through this hidden passageway was to meet with ZOB commander, Yitzhak Zuckerman, on the Gentile side, to discuss an escape for the fighters. The two members ended up trapped as Nazi commanders discovered the passageway. With the fighting and burning of the ghetto raging above and determined to help his fellow survivors, Rotem discovered a passage to the ghetto through an unguarded sewer opening. There he found one of the last surviving leaders in the ghetto Zivia Lubetkin, and her team of 80 fighters. Rotem led them through the sewers to an outlet in a forest just outside of the city where they could safely escape.

After WWII, Rotem played an instrumental role in the Beriha organization facilitating the immigration of European Jews to Mandate Palestine and eventually made aliyah to Israel himself in 1946 where he worked until his retirement in 1986. Simcha Rotem was awarded Poland’s Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2013, yet still criticized the Polish administration for their failure in recognizing the role of Polish citizens in German extermination of Jews during the war. Rotem powerfully stated: “Only once the Polish society truly faces the bitter historical truth, revealing its scope and severity, will there be a chance that those horrors will not be repeated. Therefore, I vehemently oppose the distorted law recently passed in Poland, meant to eradicate from historical recollection the heinous acts the Poles committed against the Jewish people during that dark time.” Simcha Rotem died in Jerusalem on Saturday, December 22, 2018 at the age of 94.

Time to Open the Shades

Have you ever just decided to change your attitude? To change your life perspective without a specific catalyst? When have you decided to allow light into your life?

Last year, I was prescribed bedrest for 40 days. As a result of a serious sports injury and subsequent surgery, my doctor told me to lie on my back with my left leg (the leg which had been operated upon) above my heart for 23 hours a day, for forty days. (You can hear me discuss my bed rest in my TedX Talk, How Nothing is What Matters the Most.)

At the time of my surgery, I was also experiencing a state of profound personal and professional turmoil. I was in extreme pain — physically and emotionally. I was truly suffering. I was mostly alone in my bedroom for forty days and forty nights. It was a transformational experience.

At the beginning, I was in intense physical pain from the surgery. Once the nerve block wore off, there was incredible pain. I knew I was not going to die — but I felt I was. I was also very sad about the upheaval in my personal and professional life.

A friend told me there is a blessing in every journey. I was determined to find it. I decided I would do no work. Given the pain medication, my judgment and concentration were certainly compromised — I simply could not function in a business context. I am grateful for such supportive colleagues during this time. Later, I realized I needed this time to reflect. I also decided not to watch any TV or movies. I simply read books about spiritual transformation (see My Bed Rest Reading List), wrote in my journal, and meditated. I also found myself staring at the walls for hours and hours each day. I really wanted to go inside myself.

I kept the drapes and window shades in my bedroom fully drawn and kept the room dark. I did not want any light coming in. I don’t know why… I think I was suffering so intensely that darkness seemed appropriate.

I really had no sense of time. I just laid on my back for 23 hours a day. Luckily my daughter visited me in the morning before school and at night after school. We had really meaningful conversations. I was otherwise alone except for some wonderful nurses who helped me with food, bathing, and medication.

It was dark. I was in intense physical and emotional pain. I was truly suffering.

I looked to the Torah for inspiration. I felt a shared connection with David when he entered the cave in verses (1 Samuel 24, 1-7, JPS). In the passages leading up to this verse, David was running for his life. King Saul assembled his men to find and kill David. Wrestling with his demonic thoughts and life-threatening circumstances, David entered the cave in verses (I Samuel 24, 4-5, JPS).

4And he came to the sheepfolds along the way. There was a cave there, and Saul went in to relieve himself. Now David and his men were sitting in the back of the cave. 5David’s men said to him, “This is the day of which the LORD said to you, ‘I will deliver your enemy into your hands; you can do with him as you please.’” David went and stealthily cut off the corner of Saul’s cloak.

David was alone in the dark and heard “voices” of his “men”. This can be interpreted as his wrestling with his thoughts in the darkened corner of the cave.

Suddenly, in a moment, King Saul entered the very same cave where David was hiding. Instead of following the voices that would lead away from the will of God, David cut off a corner of King Saul’s robe. Even that small action caused David’s heart to be smote and David repented to his men for it. David did not kill King Saul despite his legitimate worries that King Saul was looking to kill him. When they both left the cave, King Saul was overcome with the genuine restraint and purity of motives that David exemplified in his actions. Upon exiting the darkness of the cave, King Saul saw the light shine on David’s righteousness. King Saul rewarded David accordingly.

One day. I decided it was time to open the shades and allow the light in. I don’t remember any particular reason. I just realized I needed to change my attitude. I was no longer going to suffer. I was no longer going to be in pain. It was time to fully embrace my compromised state as temporary — not permanent. My bedroom was now full of light each day. I decided to embrace my circumstances. I had a chair brought in and was so happy when my rabbi and a few other very close friends came to visit. I enjoyed meaningful one-on-one conversations with all of them. It was truly transformative.

I also thought about Exodus and the 8th Plague (Darkness) which afflicted Egypt.

Exodus 10:21-23, JPS
The Plague of Darkness

21Then the LORD said to Moses, ‘Hold out your arm toward the sky that there may be darkness upon the land of Egypt, a darkness that can be touched.” 22Moses held out his arm toward the sky and thick darkness descended upon all the land of Egypt for three days. 23People could not see one another, and for three days no one could get up from where he was; but all the Israelites enjoyed light in their dwellings.

For background is it important to understand the meaning of three important words. “Mitzraim” is the Hebrew word for Egypt and literally means “narrow place”. This has both geographic and spiritual meaning. The geographic connotation is that the vast majority of the population of Egypt lived in close proximity to the Nile river. Thus, despite the vastness of the land of Egypt, the Egyptians were basically restricted to narrow strips of land on either side of the Nile. In addition, “narrow place” referred to a narrow mind. Those Hebrew slaves who remained in Egypt had narrow minds. It was the nature of being a slave. Mentally closed off from the blessings surrounding us and serving a false God, Pharaoh with no opportunity to worship the one and living God. The journey of Exodus celebrates our collective journey from slavery in mitzraim to wandering in the wilderness and coming to know God who brings us to a land flowing with milk and honey and to finally achieving freedom God promises us in The Promised Land of Israel.

“Evrit,” in the Hebrew language means to cross over. The Hebrews were those who crossed over the Reed sea (Sea of Reeds) to reach the wilderness. Israel is the name of Jacob and means he who wrestles with God and man and is able. There is an introspection and aspiration in the meaning of Israel. Thus, during the 9th plague, while those with narrow minds in the narrow place were afflicted with darkness. Those who struggled with introspection and aspiration to experience God’s freedom achieved the blessed Promised Land of Israel. The blessing of living in the light — true goodness. Israelites are always blessed with light.

During my initial days of bed rest, I wallowed in my pain and suffering. I had a very narrow perspective. I stayed in the darkness.

Then one day, I decided. I just did. It was time to open the shades. To allow light in. To allow light into my soul. My thoughts expanded. My anxiety diminished. While my physical circumstances, compromised as they were, remained the same, my mental outlook transformed completely.

When I think about the Bible allowing light in, I go back to Genesis 1. The light of Day 1 divided light from darkness. God proclaimed the light of Day 1 tov / good.

We really don’t need a source of light to allow for light. The light of Day 1 occurred before the sun, moon, and stars of Day 4. Darkness comes first. God showed us that you can divide light from the darkness. God did not take away the darkness.

I realize now that sometimes in dark circumstances, we just need to decide. We just need to decide that it is time to open the shades and allow light in. Into our rooms, our hearts, and our souls.

Genesis 1:1-5, JPS
The Beginning

1When God began to create heaven and earth — 2the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water — 3God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. 4God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. 5God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, a first day.   

My Bed Rest Reading List

Have you ever had extended time to recover from an injury or illness? Did you have any favorite books you read?

When I had my 40-day bed rest in 2017, I decided I was not going to watch any TV or movies, and just read, write, and meditate. I posted the enclosed message on my Facebook page and simply asked my friends if they had any book suggestions. I did not explain anything about the personal and professional turmoil I was going through. It just so happened that all of the books my friends recommended helped me with my inner search and desire for personal growth. It was a unique experience to fully surrender my mental stimulation into the book recommendations of others. It truly was a gift and a blessing. I am so grateful to my friends for each suggestion.

Andy Facebook post Surgery
My goal is to highlight certain elements of each book not create a synopsis, but rather a brief glimpse and taste of each book so you can decide whether to read them.

Reading all of these books in a 40-day period truly transformed my outlook on life and has given me invaluable insight into the search for unconditional happiness. I  hope you can also learn and explore your personal journey.

Lessons from Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse – first published in 1951

“When someone is seeking,” said Siddhartha, “it happens quite easily that he only sees the thing that he is seeking; that he is unable to find anything, unable to absorb anything, because he is only thinking of the thing he is seeking, because he has a goal, because he is obsessed with his goal. Seeking means: to have a goal; but finding means: to be free, to be receptive, to have no goal.” (p. 140)

The River Metaphor: “When Siddhartha listened attentively to this river, to this song of a thousand voices; when he did not listen to the sorrow or laughter, when he did not bind his soul to any one particular voice and absorb it in his Self, but heard them all, the whole, the unity; then the great song of a thousand voices consisted of one word: Om – perfection.” (p. 138)


Lessons from Kai by Anne Marie Bennstrom – first published in 2013

“Creation is constantly adapting and refining itself. Everything that has a beginning also has an end, and every end is also a new beginning, and between these two polarities, life unfolds its destiny.” (p. 12)

“Life is a journey of discovery, of making known what we do not yet know, and of using all our inner tools of knowingness to guide us along our path until we arrive at the place where everything finally makes sense, and from that place we can see our journey in a greater light of understanding, and that understanding will be the launch pad for another journey of discovery…”


Lessons from The Tao of Pooh by Benjamin Hoff – first published in 1982

Knowledge and Experience do not necessarily speak the same language

“Rabbit’s clever” said Pooh thoughtfully.

“Yes,” said Piglet “Rabbit’s clever.”

“And he has Brain.”

“Yes,” said Piglet, “Rabbit has Brain.”

“I suppose,” said Pooh, “that that’s why he never understands anything.” (p. 15)

“How did Rabbit describe the situation with Owl? Oh, here it is:

You can’t help respecting anybody who can spell TUESDAY, even if he doesn’t spell it right; but spelling isn’t everything. There are days when spelling Tuesday simply doesn’t count.”

The Lessons of Bisy Backson

“The Bisy Backson is almost desperately active. If you ask him what his Life Interests are, he will give you a list of Physical Activities, such as: “Skydiving, tennis, jogging, racquet-ball, skiing, swimming, and water-skiing” …Therefore he confuses exercise with work. He works when he works, works when he exercises, and more often than not, works when he plays, work, work, work. All work and no play makes Backson a dull boy. Keep up for long enough, it makes him dead, too!

Chuang-tse described the concept of Bisy Backson in this way:

“There was a man who disliked seeing his footprints and his shadow. He decided to escape from them, and began to run. But as he ran along, more footprints appeared, while his shadow easily kept up with him. Thinking he was going too slowly, he ran faster and faster without stopping, until he finally collapsed from exhaustion and died.

If he had stood still, there would have been no footprints. If he had rested in the shade, his shadow would have disappeared.”

“The honey doesn’t taste so good once it is being eaten; the goal doesn’t mean so much once it is reached…if we add up all the rewards in our lives, we don’t have very much. But if we add up the space between the rewards, we’ll come up with quite a bit. And if we add up the rewards and the space, then we’ll have everything – every minute of the time that we spent. What if we could enjoy it? Enjoyment of the process is the secret that erases the myths of the Great Reward and Saving Time.”

Going Nowhere and Doing Nothing:

“Where are we going?” said Pooh, hurrying after Christopher Robin.

“Nowhere, “ said Christopher Robin.

So they began going there, and after they had walked a little way Christopher Robin said:

“What I like doing best is Nothing.”

“How do you do Nothing?” Asked Pooh, after he had wondered for a long time.

“Well, it’s when people call out at you just as you’re going off to do it, what are you going to do, Christopher Robin, and you say “Oh, nothing, and then you go and do it.”

“Oh I see,” said Pooh.

“This is a nothing sort of thing that we’re doing now.”

“Oh, I see” said Pooh again.

“It means just going along, listening to all the things you can’t hear, and not bothering.”


Lessons from The Sabbath by Abraham Joshua Heschel – first published in 1951

Judaism is a religion of time aiming at the sanctification of time – “and God blessed the seventh day and made it holy.” The meaning of the Sabbath is to celebrate time rather than space. Six days a week we live under the tyranny of things of space; on the Sabbath we try to become attuned to holiness in time. It is a day on which we are called upon to share in what is eternal in time, to turn from the results of creation to the mystery of creation; from the world of creation to the creation of the world” (p. 10)

“Labor is a craft, but perfect rest is an art” (p. 14)

“Unlike the Day of Atonement, the Sabbath is not dedicated exclusively to spiritual goals. It is a day of the soul as well as of the body; comfort and pleasure are an integral part of the Sabbath observance. The Sabbath is a reminder of the two worlds –this world and the world to come; it is an example of both worlds. For the Sabbath is joy, holiness, and rest: joy is part of this world; holiness and rest are something of the world to come.” (p. 19)

“Shabbat is like a palace in time with a kingdom for all. It is not a date but an atmosphere…How precious is Succot! Dwelling in the succah, even our body is surrounded by the sanctity of the Mitzvah,” said once a rabbi to his friend. Whereupon the latter remarked: “The Sabbath Day is even more than that. On Succot, you may leave the Succah for a while, whereas the Sabbath surrounds you wherever you go.” (p. 21) The Sabbath itself is a sanctuary which we build, a sanctuary in time.”


Lessons from The Rise by Sarah Lewis – first published in 2014

Being Beaten doesn’t mean you are defeated

“We tell the story of Muhammed Ali’s eighth-round win against George Foreman that night in Kinshasa, Zaire, even though we know how it ends, for while it happened, no one could see it. Ali upset most of the 60,000 person crowd who favored him as he spent the first seven rounds, 180 seconds long each, leaning against the ropes while enduring brutal frontal attacks from Foreman, known to have bored a hole in his practice punching bag. No amount of screaming from his trainers could get Ali off the ropes, never mind the shouting of those sitting near the ring, from George Plimpton to Norman Mailer — counting how many righthand leads Ali took, and remembering how Ali, being pummeled still managed to whisper to Foreman in the seventh round “Is that all you got George?” yet no one but the fighters in the ring could sense it—there is a difference being beaten and strengthened, for as it appends, it is hard to perceive” (p. 11)

“The gift of failure is a riddle” (p. 198)

“From the wisdom in 17th century poet and Samurai Mizata Masahide’s haiku:
My barn having burned down, I can now see the moon


Lessons from Radical Acceptance by Tara Brach – first published in 2003

Many people have told me that when they finally are able to see how long their life has been imprisoned by self-hatred and shame, they feel not only grief but also a sense of life-giving hope. Like waking up from a bad dream, when we can see our prison, we also see our potential.

When we learn to cultivate Radical Acceptance, we begin to rediscover the garden (of Eden) – a forgotten but cherished sense of wholeness, wakefulness and love.”

Clearly recognizing what is happening inside us, and regarding what we see with an open, kind and loving heart, is what I call “Radical Acceptance.”

The image of the Buddha seated under the bodhi tree is one of the great mythic symbols depicting the power of the pause.

Until we stop our mental busyness, stop our endless activities, we have no way of knowing our actual experience.

When we are not consumed by blaming and turning on ourselves or others, we are free to cultivate our talents and gifts together, to contribute them to the world in service. We are free to love each other, and the whole of life, without holding back. (p. 271)


Lessons from The Untethered Soul by Michael Singer – first published in 2007

“What you’ll find is that the only thing you really want from life is to feel enthusiasm, joy, and love. If you can feel that all the time, then who cares what happens outside?” (p.46)

“In the yogic tradition, that unfinished energy pattern is called a Samskara. This is a Sanskrit word meaning “impression,” and in the yogic teachings it is considered one of the most important influences affecting your life. A Samskara is a blockage, an impression from the past. It’s an unfinished energy pattern that ends up running your life” (p.53)

“A wise person remains centered enough to let go every time the energy shifts into a defensive mode” (p. 65)

“The spiritual journey is one of constant transformation. In order to grow, you must give up the struggle to remain the same, and learn to embrace change at all times. One of the most important areas requiring change is how we solve our personal problems. We normally attempt to solve our inner disturbances by protecting ourselves. Real transformation begins when you embrace your problems as agents for growth.” (p. 81)

“Spirituality begins when you decide that you’ll never stop trying. Spirituality is the commitment to go beyond, no matter what it takes. It’s an infinite journey based upon going beyond yourself every minute of every day for the rest of your life.”


Lessons from Our Pristine Mind by Orgyen Chowang – first published in 2016

“It is most important that our mind be relaxed and calm, fresh and open. Then we appreciate and enjoy everything, and we feel gratitude.” (p. 39)

Orgyen explains how reaching an enlightened state through meditation is like the journey of an airplane. There is a lot of effort at the takeoff, then a little turbulence of the ascent, then you finally reach cruising altitude when everything seems still, calm, and quiet. (p. 44)

Orgyen explains the concept of short-term mental events becoming illusions. While our permanent happiness is independent of our short-term events, nevertheless, we often get so caught up in reacting to the short-term events. (p. 69)

“It is like a mirage in the desert. Circumstances of heat, light, distance and the way we perceive things create a vision of a distant oasis with water and green trees, but when we reach it, the oasis is not there because our viewpoint, our perception has changed. It was an illusion.”

Orgyen explains that meditation is “just like a bird that leaves no trace in its flight through the sky, abide in your natural mind in the same way.” (p. 133). This reminds me of one of my favorite Japanese expressions. “Tobu Tori ato nigosazu” a flying bird leaves no trace.

Orgyen writes (p. 159)

“The joy of meditation is realization that is free from mental events, distractions, and dullness of mind.

The joy of compassion is impartiality free from bias or prejudice.

The joy of experience is one’s own Pristine Mind, free from distortions.

The joy of generosity is freedom from the grasp of attachment and expectation.

The joy of wealth is to realize that all possessions are illusions.

If you know your own true nature, there’s no restlessness.

This is effortless joy.”

 

Shabbat Discussion Questions

HOLY:
Why is the first thing in the Bible which is called “Holy”, Shabbat?

Torah Scroll

A leather made scroll of Megilat Esther

  • Nothing created in the first six days of creation is called Holy. Even human beings. Of all God’s Creations, only Shabbat is called holy.
  • How have you experienced the holiness in the Sabbath?

STOPPING:
Shabbat means to stop. Why is neither stopping and resting nor anything we do or even God does the first thing that is called Holy?

Stop
  • What does it mean to stop and rest and be with God? When have you truly stopped? What did you discover?

SET APART:
Why is it that time, specifically stopping in time, the first thing that is set apart for God?

  • Quick reminder: Kadosh-Holy means something set apart for God.
  • What have you set apart in your life to create meaning and spiritual connection? Is there a special place you visit? Or a family routine that is sacred in your life?

REST:
Shabbat is a Day of Rest and Kedusha/Sanctity. Is it enough to “rest” and “refrain” from doing things on Shabbat? Suppose you do nothing all Shabbat – just eat and sleep. Have you celebrated Shabbat?

Shabbat Candles
  • Genesis 2:3 says “God blessed the seventh day, and made it holy.” And the Ten Commandments tell us “to keep it [Shabbat] holy.”
  • How can we live in Shabbat? How can we feel holiness on Shabbat? 

STARTING TO STOP:
How do you prepare to stop on Shabbat?

Shabbat

  • The experience of stopping for Shabbat is not like screeching to a stop at a red traffic light. You need to prepare to stop. Truly experiencing the holiness of Shabbat requires preparation and planning to allow for your sacred time and space of Shabbat.
  • How have you prepared to stop? What do you need to do in advance so that you can truly do nothing?

SHABBAT IN THE MODERN WORLD
Do we need Shabbat any longer, when we have weekends and days off? Does the Biblical calendar of Shabbat still resonate meaning in our modern, always-connected life?

Weekend
  • What activities might you consider NOT doing on Shabbat in the modern world? Would not doing them restrict you or “liberate” you?  Is there value to making this a routine part of your life? What would you do to make it special? What about a traditional Shabbat appeals to you?  What might you add?

SHABBAT IN ISRAEL

Western Wall

  • Have you spent Shabbat in Israel? Have you ever experienced Shabbat in Jerusalem? How was it different? How did being in Jerusalem enhance the holiness of Shabbat?

FOOD ON SHABBAT
Food is very important on Shabbat and we are expected to have three meals.

Challah
  • Are there foods that are special for you on Shabbat? Would you feel right eating them any day of the week? Besides the food, is there something you would especially want for the Shabbat table?

 

 

 

 

 

Praying in Salonica

by Eswar Priyadarshan

Minyan

Our phones told us we were within 50 feet of the synagogue, but we could not find it. It was a busy street, with shops and restaurants open in the middle of the day, but no synagogue. Google Maps had pictures of a darkened passageway as a helpful hint, so we switched modes and walked back and forth, looking for a dark passage rather than a door or a sign. We finally found an awning and a passage similar to the picture and walked in.

Yad Lezikaron Synagogue

Google Maps photograph of the Yad Lezikaron Synagogue in Thessaloniki (Salonica) – the dark passageway entrance is to the left of the awning.

There was a phone booth to the right, with someone seated in it as though it was their permanent daytime spot. A door to the left, with a sign in Greek that had the word “Thessaloniki” in Cyrillic and the word “NAZI” in English. We peered around, ready to withdraw given the sign, but then the door opened and a young bearded man in a dark suit and hat walked out. He looked at my wife and I and said “Hello” in Hebrew. My wife said “Hello” right back and asked if this was the synagogue and if he was the Rabbi. Yes, to both. She asked if or when we could come back for services because we needed to say kaddish. “4 PM,” he said, and left out onto the busy street.

We wandered around downtown Thessaloniki, the city in Greece that used to be called Salonica in its Jewish heyday. It has its own ancient Hagia Sophia church, as old as Christianity itself, with the colors and architecture of Greek Orthodoxy within and crazy graffiti spray painted without. The church began as a Byzantine monument, was converted to a mosque and then back to a church again.

Old Church Salonica

The old church turned mosque turned church.

There’s a waterfront promenade along the Aegean Sea, with water as dirty as Boston Harbor in its toxic prime. And there’s a stone tower, the favorite lock-em-up spot for whomever ruled the city in whatever era – archaic, Hellenic, Byzantine, Roman, Crusader and Ottoman.

The White Tower Salonica

The White Tower along the waterfront.

We returned at 4pm. There was now another bearded guy up front at the door. He was your basic Israeli badass – requesting our names and passports, asking why were we in town and why we were visiting the synagogue, opening our bags and taking everything out – no please or thank you, just a very serious focus on making sure we meant no harm. We passed inspection and walked in the door.

There was a large map on the wall indicating the 57 synagogues of Salonica. There are only 2 remaining – the one we stood in and one other, which opens only during the High Holy Days. My wife first went upstairs and was quickly shooed back down to a small curtained partition on the ground floor. I sat in the main area with two other men and we waited for a minyan. Men and women trickled in – the men were mostly in their 60s on up. We continued to wait – I wondered if they would count me in the minyan count of 10 men.

Yad Lezikaron synagogue

The interior of the Yad Lezikaron synagogue.

I marveled at the beauty of the interior, especially relative to the busy, average street and the nondescript passageway leading to a room next to a phone booth.

We reached 10, including me, and we still waited. It was clear that the definition of 10 in this group meant 10 people known to one another. Eventually, one more man walked in and the oldest of the groups began the program. The Rabbi eventually arrived around 4:45pm and took control.

He stopped abruptly, looked at me and asked if I/we still wanted to say kaddish. “My wife”, I started to say. “Only men”, he said.

I was on alert. My wife seemed to be in deep conversation with one of the ladies – I wondered if it was in English, Hebrew or rudimentary Greek since she (my wife) has the uncanny ability to scoop up languages on the fly.

The service continued. The Rabbi stopped again.

“Now?”, he said to me. “For my wife’s mother…”, I began to say. “Only men now”, he said. I have been attending Jewish services for 20 years yet I realized how little I knew of things a Jew would know naturally.

Finally, another, “Now”, from the rabbi. I said my wife’s mother’s name, “Sandra Kass”.

“Katz?”, he said. “No, Kass”, I said. He looked puzzled because Katz fit perfectly and Kass was probably another one of my stumbles.

A man behind me snorted and started to walk out at this back and forth. My obvious ignorance and the Rabbi accommodating me had really offended him. The Rabbi stopped and lectured the man in Greek, probably about the importance of treating a stranger as one of your own. The offended one returned to his seat.

The gentleman seated closest to me came over with his book and walked me through the Kaddish line-by-line – I was very moved by his gesture. I was briefly a member of this small community, embraced and participating despite my awkwardness. I was touched by a universal grace.

Memory

Thessaloniki is an old city in Macedonia. It was founded in 315 BCE by Cassandra of Macedonia, who named the city for his wife Thessalonica, the half-sister of Alexander the Great. It has seen every kind of movement toward civilization and backslide towards catastrophe that you can imagine (including a great fire that destroyed most of the city in 1917). It’s a poor city in a poor country, made poorer and more on the edge by being a gateway from the Balkans to Europe. While you notice an absence of young people in Europe in general, you really notice the absence in Thessaloniki.

The first Jewish refugees in Salonica arrived from Palestine and Alexandria from 145-135 BCE. The Jewish community grew over the centuries and was by no means homogenous. The Greek Jews drew their traditions from the Palestinian Talmud while the European Jews drew from the Babylonian. They spoke Greek, Yiddish, Italian and finally Spanish from a massive influx of Sephardi expelled from Spain at time Columbus set sail for the New World.

Salonica Freedom Square

A Nazi officer humiliates Jews in Salonica’s Freedom Square.

Salonica had the largest Jewish population in Europe at one point. Close to 50,000 Jews lived in the city as of July 9, 1942. Two days later, there were virtually zero., The Nazis had rounded up all of the Jews, humiliated them in public and sent them from the train station to the concentration camps.

Salonica was aflame with Zionist zeal during the early 20th century. Zionism wasn’t just for the intellectuals, the idea cut across all sectors of Jewish society. Tel Aviv port was built by Jewish dock workers from Salonica. Fifteen landed from Salonica in the summer of 1933. A Zionist, socialist commentator saw them at work a month later and was amazed – they were the brawny, Jewish epitome of the Zionist dream.

“The Jews here spend their lives doing things even the Arabs can’t do back home. I stood on the docks and watched the ships being unloaded just as you’d told me. I spoke to the workers carrying the coal, and they were as blackened by it as the Egyptians from Port Said who work in Haifa. But the Thessalonikans are better workers.”
Isaac Molho, Thessalonikan Mariners in Israel – Vision and Fulfillment, p. 58 [Hebrew]

Salonican worker

A Salonican hauling oranges in Haifa Port, 1948.

Fast forward to today. You have to dig deep and do your own research to find evidence of the Jewish history in the city. There’s the small Jewish memorial museum and one other monument – a sculpture created in a local parking lot along the water in the early 2000s. The sculpture has been cordoned off from the main parking lot with some bushes since then.

Jewish Memorial Salonica

The 21st century memorial to the Jews of Salonica near a waterfront parking lot – it has faced a rash of anti-Semitic vandalization this past summer.

The Jewish museum has a wall of the names of those citizens killed in the Holocaust. My wife’s stepfather was an Eskenazi originally from Salonica – there were many Eskenazis on the wall. My wife stopped, shocked and too moved to continue at one point, when she saw other family names – names of her stepfather’s family friends also from the old country. Here we were, ostensibly strangers in a new city in a new country, confronted with kinship and friendship from generations past.

I thought about the long, difficult history of the city, about the sign outside, the names on the museum wall, the Holocaust memorial in a parking lot, the map of the other synagogues now forever gone, our serious interrogation by the security guy and the time and effort it must be for the few remaining, committed Jews in town to somehow make a minyan on a weekday afternoon.

I thought about what it means to remember and the vital need to remember. I thought about rituals like saying kaddish and of people staying with their traditions despite violent suppression or just plain indifference. I thought about the busy street where we struggled to find the synagogue and how the minyan and the service seemed like a dream when we stepped back out into the street. The future is history, says a recent book title, or is it history that is the future, as the chaos of Brexit, the chaos in France or our own political upheaval seems to be telling us?

How do we keep from joining the indifferent? We can’t control the future but we can so easily choose to forget the past. The only way, it seems, to re-connect our everyday lives with the past we must honor and cherish, is to walk off the busy street, through the darkened passageway and gather and recount the names and the journeys with anyone of good faith who will join us.

Eswar Priyadarshan and his wife Jill Eskenazi are Boston transplants currently living in the Bay Area. Theirs is a Jewish, Hindu, Christian and atheist household where everyone is expected to remember. Their kids Sunjay, William and Sarah are very fortunate to have grown up with their grandmothers Dorothy Downing, Sandra Kass and Saraswathi Singh  as a constant and reassuring presence.

Eswar and Jill were recently in Thessaloniki to visit their daughter Sarah, who was in a semester-abroad program at Northeastern University.