Reacting with Resolve, Not Anger

When Jay Rosenfield and his wife, Barbara, heard teenagers jeer the movie “Schindler’s List” in 1994, their reaction was not anger, but resolve. They bought 400 tickets so students at Concord and Kearsarge Regional high schools in New Hampshire could see the movie. The Rosenfields also arranged and paid for buses and lunches, and organized discussions afterward. A past president of Temple Beth Jacob in Concord, N.H., Mr. Rosenfield worked with a teacher at Kearsarge Regional Middle School to establish a Holocaust education program, a weeklong curriculum that included visits from survivors. “Years later, Jay and Barbara continued to get letters from students commenting on the impact the program had on their lives,” said their daughter Kim of New London, N.H. Mr. Rosenfield, who owned Concord Cleaners on Main Street in Concord and liked to introduce himself as “a CPA – that’s cleaning, pressing, and alterations,” died of cancer Oct. 26, 2014 in Dedham, MA. He was 86.

The Rosenfields received a statewide award for establishing the “Schindler’s List” educational programs, according to family. The movie was based on the World War II work of Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who saved the lives of more than a thousand Jewish refugees, many of them Polish, during the Holocaust by employing them in his factories. Mr. Rosenfield and his wife told their five children “that there were people in need and that we should be aware of and act on that,” Kim said. “My father saw every encounter as an opportunity to lift people up and make a new friend.” While residing in Marblehead, the Rosenfields hosted international exchange students.  Mr. Rosenfield, who was a member of Temple Sinai in Marblehead, MA led a drive to establish a counseling and hotline center for Marblehead teens. At Concord Cleaners in New Hampshire, which he operated for 26 years through the late 1990s, he cleaned coats at no cost for the homeless and never charged for cleaning U.S. flags or Jewish prayer shawls. He also slipped pieces of candy for campers into the packages of laundry he delivered to Camp Alton in Wolfeboro, N.H., where he had been a counselor in the 1940s.

While president of Temple Beth Jacob, Mr. Rosenfield was a driving force to build a wing in 1988. It enabled the growing congregation of more than 400 members to sit together for the first time at High Holy Day services, instead of dividing into two groups, one of which had to watch services on TV monitors. A 1945 graduate of Brookline High, Mr. Rosenfield was connected to the cleaning business and charitable endeavors through his parents. His father, Harry, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate and chemist, operated National Laundry in Dorchester, where Mr. Rosenfield worked in his youth. His mother, Ruth, was a registered nurse. Mr. Rosenfield graduated from Dartmouth in 1949 with a bachelor’s in psychology and economics, and from MIT in 1951 with bachelor’s degrees in engineering and business. While at MIT, he met Barbara Mann, who was attending Wellesley. They wed in 1951.

After serving three years as a Navy lieutenant, Mr. Rosenfield worked for General Electric and Xerox and owned a chain of coin-operated laundry businesses. In 1967, he left the corporate world and opened One Stop Cleaners in Bedford. He explained the decision in 2001. “The service business afforded me a unique opportunity for enlightened self-interest. I was able to fill people’s needs — only people with problems come to a dry cleaner,” he wrote. “This small business is a microcosm of all business, government, law, human services, machinery, production control, engineering, real estate, taxes, chemistry, environment, banking, accounting, community relations, and customer service. I dealt with them all.” Kim said her father treated employees like family. “Even when business was tough, he gave bonuses and provided health care and pensions, unusual for a business that size,” she said.

Mr. Rosenfield, who moved to New London in 1979, served one term as a New Hampshire state representative as a Democrat in a heavily Republican district. A former president of the North East Fabricare Association, he advocated recycling garment bags and using environmentally safe cleaning products and disposal methods. With a home on Lake Sunapee, Mr. Rosenfield loved outdoor sports and playing bridge, and was active in Dartmouth alumni activities.

Bene Israelis

I would like to thank Sinhora Sassoon from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee who provided information on the Bene Israelis to Breaking Matzo.

The Bene Israelis are the oldest Jewish community in India, having arrived two thousand years ago and constituting about 90% of the Jewish population in the country today. They have always lived in harmony with their fellow religionists and freely practice their religion today.

The Bene Israelis claim to have descended from the “ten lost tribes” of Israel; their ancestors having escaped by sea from the persecution of the Greek overlord Antiochus Epihanes in the year 175 B.C.E., landing shipwrecked on the shores of Navgaon. The Bene Israelis subsequently settled in Konkan, adopting the local customs and the native Marathi language. They worked in the oil pressing and agricultural industries, and due to their observation of the Sabbath (the day of rest), they were known as Shanwar Tellis (Saturday Oilmen). Although the Bene Israelis were said to have lost all their holy books in the shipwreck, forgetting all prayers except “Shema Yisrael”, they did observe the Sabbath and major Jewish festivals and practise circumcision.

Towards the middle of the  18th century, there was a gradual influx of Bene Israelis into Bombay from neighbouring Konkan villages. This was mainly due to the development of the transport system and the growth of employment opportunities in the army with the advent of British rule, as well as a tolerant religious climate under Governor Gerald Aungier. The Bene Israelis were known for their valour and fighting spirit which distinguished them from other soldiers in the British Army.

One such Bene Israeli soldier was Commandant Samaji Hasaji Divekar – Samuel Divekar. In one of the wars fought by the British against the kingdom of Mysore in south India, he was captured along with other British Indian soldiers. The King of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, who was a Muslim, was about to order Divekar’s execution when his mother intervened, saying that the Bene Israelis are referred to in the Koran as the Chosen People of the Almighty. After being spared, Samuel Divekar decided to thank the Lord by building a synagogue. He built the first Bene-Israel synagogue in India in 1796. It was named “Shaar Harahamim” (Gate of Mercy) Synagogue, and is situated at Samuel Street in Bombay.

Soon after the Shaar Harahamim Synagogue was built, four synagogues were constructed and the community enjoyed a resurgence of congregational worship. Many Bene Israelis came to Bombay to enlist in the army, whilst others took to government service. In 1875, Samuel Haeem Kehimkar founded the “Israelite School” (renamed the Sir Elly Kadoorie School in 1934) to provide education for the youth of the community.

The Bene Israelis excelled in the Army, the Navy and the Air Force both before and after Indian Independence in 1947. They held high positions in various Government departments, and many were doctors, lawyers, engineers, writers, educators, architects and social workers – indeed a vast array of professions that made up the rich social fabric of this community. Dr. E. Moses, himself a Bene Israeli, was Mayor of Bombay in 1937.

At the time of Indian Independence, the entire Bene Israeli community in the country stood at approximately 20,000. However, the number significantly dropped within a few years of the establishment of Israel in 1948, due to systematic immigration to this newly established state. Today, the Bene Israeli community in India in Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Calcutta, Cochin and Delhi, stands at around 5,000.

Jews first came to Thane in the 16th century. Most served in the army, giving gallant service under the great Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj who created an independent Maratha Kingdom in the 1600s.

The GIP railway was constructed during British rule. The railway track from Thane to Bombay was completed in 1853, and the Parsik Tunnel connecting Thane and Kalyan, which is still in existence today, was constructed at a later date. Many Jews who came to work in Thane settled there after retirement, thus increasing the numbers in the community. Jews lived with their religious neighbours in harmony, understanding and co-operation.

In 1879, the Jewish community of Thane pooled together their resources and built a beautiful stone synagogue.

Presently, as per the latest trends in demographics, there are approx. 4,400 Jews remaining in India.

Microscopic as the Jewish community of India is, they have made a contribution to the economic, cultural and social development of the country, and are proud of their Indian heritage, traditions and culture. To the credit of the tolerant spirit of India, there has been no discrimination of any kind against Jews. India is a country in which there is no anti-semitism. Indian Jews serve as ambassadors of goodwill and peace between India and Israel.